Psychodynamic approach Essay

P1 Explain the principle mental perspectives.M1 Assess diametrical psychological onward motiones to guide.Sigmund Freud highly- stop an speak to which was the first psychological approach that elucidated behaviour. Freud disc overed the psychoanal retentiveysis, which is a technique for solidification mental illness and overly a theory which explains human behaviour. Psychoanalysis is prize as the converseing cure. Norm onlyy, Freud would inspire his diligents to talk freely (on his famous couch) concerning their symptoms and to explain only what was on their mind. He also states The crisphead lettuce which has 3 levels known as the informed mind, preconscious and unconscious mind mind. Freud comp ard himself to an archaeologist digging absent layers of the human mind, and found cardinal distinct parts of the mind.He was the earliest philosophers to arise public aw arness the judgment that we argon non conscious of all our features all the succession. He propo sed that what we be conscious of is delineated on our conscious mind yet that more or less of our memories, feelings and mind he named as unconscious. We dont pay access to the contents of our unconscious, besides they on occasion leak out in dreams and slips of the tongue. Freuds first elucidated behaviour by his iceberg analogy. He suggested that the conscious mind was homogeneous the tip of an iceberg merely a small part be soci fit to consciousness. Part of the unconscious that we plenty slowly access he named it the preconscious.This atomic number 50 be utilise in health and societal c ar as health c arrs can let out what is happening in the clients conscious mind and discover any faults there competency be such as first and schizophrenic disorder and possibly phobic neurosiss.Sigmund Freud proposed that we maintain inborn drives that stimulates our conducts in the form of the mind. These be known as the egotism, superego and the id. The id occurs at b irth and is the base of our unconscious inclination. It works on the gratification concept to get instant(a) pleasure, so it prevents ache and so it is very egocentric. The id is the origin of a supernatural known as Libido. The superego wear outs end-to-end the season of five pine time and entails principles and values. It is the infants ego and moral gumption which constructs the paragon of what the kid wishes to be. Our ego is real throughout our boorhood and it enables the sister to watch over that acquiring instant gratification is non always feasible and that a messiness of the time pain cannot be prevented The ego operates on the actuality principle be endeavor it decides what actions be well-nigh convenient and what to avoid from the id. It also tries to proportion the requirements of the id and superego with the actuality of demeanor so we can do what normal individuals do by using the demur mechanisms.Depending on Sigmund our defence mechanisms are used in order to have it off unconscious dispute amongst ego, superego and id. These disputes office be unconscious or conscious and the defence mechanisms work in an unconscious expression to wards of any disagreeable feelings and attract things transgress for the soul. There are four spot defence systems that are used by the ego. An example is displacement. Displacement is when muckles emotional state towards the actual coating cannot be expressed and where carrying faults move concern and worry that wee-wees moods to be interchanged on to other endeavors. For instance an individual blaming their parents for their operation as of them not raising them properly instead of blaming their self. Denial is other ego defence mechanism that is where psyche cannot pass judgment a ad hoc truth. Individuals might object to believe occurrence or jazz emotions as of worry and concern, thus specific awareness is not dealt with.For instance, just aboutone who is under the weath er might reject to believe this. Repressionis another well-known defence mechanism. Repression acts to keep tuition out ofconsciousrecognition. Though, these memories dont just vanish they endure to touch our behaviour. For example, a psyche who has repressed memories of curse suffered as a tiddler might later have troubles making relationships. The utmost ego defence mechanism is regression. This is where people act out behaviours from the level of psychosexual becomementin which they are fixated. For instance, close toone fixated at an earlier developmental acquaint may cry or incubate as of hearing dissatisfying news upon. Behaviours link up to regression can differ importantly take careingupon which detail the individual is fixated at.Someone fixated at theoral coiffemay deduct eating or smoking immoderately or may befit verbally violent. A fixation at theanal surpassmight result in immoderate tidiness or messiness. Sigmund also developed the psychosexual st get ons of development. He suppositious that credit is chiefly started throughout the long time of five years be driving force early experiences cultivate a great role in the development of character and endure to touch on behaviour in the future. He believed that our character develop in submits in which pleasure-seeking drives of the id nonplus to centralize on erogenous places. The capricious power behind our performance was elucidated by psychosexual energy known as the libido.Through completing the passments successfully the soul can develop a commodity character. Though, if the delivers are not completed befittingly and specific matters at the academic degree are not sorted out. Then, it results in fixation. repair is where there is a continuous focus on an earlier psychosexual st develop as of unsorted dispute. The soul leave continue to be stuck at this st mount if the dispute is not resolved. There are five degrees to the psychosexual that Freud suggest ed. The first stage is the oral stage, at this stage the small fry is 0-1 years of age and the chief character of libido is the mouth. Here the pip-squeak kick in feeling consuming nutrition along with placing objects into their mouth. The infixed impact at this stage is the pay back be take a shit the kidskin impart link the go and food with love. If they are neglected from food or are fed involuntarily accordingly it may well father matters in the future. If a kid is ablactate from liquid to solid foods they need to use up to be patient for food to be cooked instead of having food instantly.The second stage is the anal stage. At this stage the tike is one to three years of age and the child get out feel a disposition of pleasure in the anus. The child give feel gratification from th row out or holding in excrement. The natural effect at this stage is macrocosm taught on how to use the toilet. The child exit learn when and where they are intended to pink s lip excrement which engage prevent fixation. Added to that, the childwould be capable to sway their parents by their bowel movements, because their parents subjection and approbation depends on whether or not they release excrement when they ask to be able to go to the toilet. Though, universe as well as stern on the child being permitted to toilet training could possibly whiz to fixation, also because the child might develop to become anal impetuous.The third stage is the phallic stage where the child is three to five years of age. The list starting time of libido here is the childs penis or vagina and pleasure is obtained from masturbation. At this stage the child go away recreate Electra interwoven and comrade with their mother if they are female, whereas if the child is a male they pull up stakes encounter Oedipus complex where he lead associate with his father. Through being affected by this nurture positively, the superego is developed and they include the mora l philosophy of the self-same sex parent along with intimacy of gender and sex duties. If they do not associate with the self-same sex parent past they get out become fixated at this level and this could possibly lead to homosexuality.The fourth stage is the latency period. At this period the child is six years of age. The latent period is a time of investigation in which the sexual drive is still present, but it is directed into other areas like quick-witted pursuits and societal interactions. They have reached puberty and the key obtain of gratification is play with peers of two sexes. During this stage the child is active with playing with their peers that not much befalls in call of sexuality. If fixation befalls here the child will not feel content with members of the mismated sex because they grow up and will find it to build heterosexual relationships. This stage is essential in the development of genial and communication skills and self-confidence.The final stage is the genital stage which arises from puberty and the key source of libido/gratification here is having sexual conversation with others. At this stage the somebodys interests and feelings towards others benefit will develop and they try to create a balance among their discrete lookstyles. If fixation has arose throughout any other stage, it will becomeobvious at this psychosexual stage. Though, a different concept was suggested by Erik Erikson which sanctioned with Freuds theory to a degree. This was Erik Eriksons psycho cordial stages of development. He thought like Freud that everyone grows in stages, however these stages endure during our life and quite than having a greater focus on the lust for indulgence we must regard our need to be tolerated also. Erikson suggested eight psychosocial stages of development. layer one is where the child is antique from vigor to one years of age and the focal point is how the infant is raised(a). If they are raised in the right way, th en they will form trust, but if the infant isnt raised in the right way, then the infant will begin to not trust parents/guardians and their surroundings. gift two is where the child is aged from one to three years of age and the focal point is being permitted to freedom. If this is done stamp downly the child will develop some sort of self-reliance. If they are constantly criticised the child will air their own aptitude. Stage three is where the child is three to six years of age and begin to interact with the everyone. If the child is persuaded to attempt different things and develop different skills and qualities, it will enable them to develop capabilities and self-assurance.However, if the child is continuously criticised and do culpable, then it will cause low confidence. Stage four is where the child is six to twelve years of age and focuses on the knowledge of how things operate. If the child begins to reach practical jobs they will form some kind of hard work however , if they are being pressured on specific tasks that they cannot accomplish will cause subservient and make them feel incapable. Stage five is where the person is twelve to cardinal years of age and the primary(prenominal) focus at this stage is developing some sort of laissez faire by experimentation. Through being permitted to do the experiment, the child could then possibly develop a secure identity. However, not experimenting direction they do not create a secure identity and causes misperception and negative identity. Stage six is where the person is aged eighteen to forty years of age and will focus on discovering new relationships to lead to long term loads with each other. By creating these secure and committed relationships the sense of arctic and be associated to devotion leads to a sense of love.Though,through ignoring closeness and having phobic neurosis of commitment can cause the person to specify them-selves and this little get of love and could cause depressi on. Stage seven is where the person is aged forty to sixty five and the main focus is creating a career and having a family. Through having a career and freehand back to society by parenting children and move in community services, the person receives a sense of love and care. However, not getting participating with society could possibly cause a feeling of wasting life and being unfruitful. Stage eight is the final stage and here the person is over the age f sixty five.The persons focal point at this stage is working less actively and intensely and think about their accomplishments during the variety of their life. Through, performing this successfully, the person develops the merit of thought that enables them to look back on their life with a feeling of accomplishment. This way the person is then able to can accept passing deprived of being afraid. Though, if the person has feelings of culpability about their life or has an insufficient achievement which will cause feelings o f lead to feelings of desolation and frequently depression and as a result phobia of death.A benefit of the psychodynamic approach is that it is developed in stages. These stages make it easier to examine and give back up due to the incident that the stages are simple and smooth to hold fast and acknowledge, therefore, making it easier to gather support for. On top of this, the stages developed by Erikson have more logic than Freuds psychosexual stages because they make sense and are easy to acknowledge. This heart and soul that it can be slow lend oneselfed in health and social care practises. For instance in the focusing and treatment centre the health and social care workers are then able to use their insight of the eight stages of Eriksons concept to detect why the person is feeling dejected has insufficient autonomy and tried to give most appropriate remedy.Though, some issues can be discover with the psychodynamic approach. A line of work is that the approach doesnt u se scientific methodology which means that it is based on tones. This makes it hard to depend on the results because they are not a dependable source. This insufficient facts means theapproach is can be proven false. On top of this, a lot of the musical accompaniment research originates from depicted object studies. Though, these enable us to get in detailed information about one person. They might not be the most convenient when it comes to diligence to other people because the results cant be generalised to the overall populace.A well-known case study that has been implement by Freud was the case of petty Hans, which was used as assistance for his psychodynamic approach. Little Hans had a disquietude of horses because he thought that they would brook him or cause chaos. Little Hans tonic by and by being consulted by Freud, construe his fear through give tongue to that the horses looked like his dad and that the phobia of being bitten signifies the fact that Little Hans w as encountering the Oedipus complex and had a phobia of being castrated by his dad as of his feelings about his milliampere Little Hans father and play a role his analyst and interpreted his sexual desires and associated these back to the Oedipus complex.Though, there are numerous factors to the Little Hans case study that have been neglected. For instance, Little Hans was more petrified of his soundless because she threatened to cut off off his penis because he was persistently fiddling with it. Also, after Freud spent some time with Little Hans his parents rip up. This means that Little Hans phobia might be as of the former that his parents ended their marriage and not be as of Oedipus complex. On top of this, his mum was also spiteful to her vitiate daughter, therefore it can possibly be that the row he was scared of was the crying of his baby sister. Additionally, Freud analyse Little Hans fear him-self. It was his dad who used Freuds operating instructions in order to cure Little Hans phobia. This means that, as his dad is not an expert analyst, he didnt get the ideal remedy and the interpretations made might have doable been wrong, and so leading to inadequate remedies.This case study indicates that there are numerous different factors that Freud didnt deem which could have been the pauperism of Little Hans phobia. His phobia might have been better elucidated through operant conditioning. Little Hans had witnessed a go horse before, therefore, it might be that he related his fear at that instant with the falling horse and therefore develop the phobia. However, Freud was capable to gather an adequate amount of data about Little Hans which helped him in the explanation of his fear. However, his case studies are subject to partiality as most of his case studies focus on middle-class Victorian female, however some of his cases focused on males. This indicates that his results are sex turn and might not be relevant to the opposite sex.Also, his exp lanation are opinion based which means that they might leave to another psychoanalysts explanation. This could possible lead to issues to the welfare of the person who will not get remedies as of unalike information they are getting. Another problem with the psychodynamic approach is that the therapies people get entails time and dedication. This means that the client needs to be dedicated in the remedy in order for them to recover. Another therapy like medical specialty might possibly be quicker, however psychoanalysis has a more long term effect on the person. Where remedies can lead to deterioration, psychoanalysis will transfer the clients perception and lead to long term modifications. This is beneficial for the patient because at the therapy and counselling centre, they will be aware that the dedication and time will be useful, also will identify long term modification after some time.