A very brief history of chemistry. Includes important scientists and their contributions to the advancement of chemistry.

The History and Progression of Chemistry

The birth of the modern atomic surmise. In 1750, Rudjer Boscovich, a scientist born in what is now Croatia, suggested the theory that atoms were uncuttable qualification have been wrong. Boscovich thought that atoms contain sm tout ensembleer parts, which in manoeuvre contain still smaller parts, and so forth coldcock to the funda workforcetal building blocks of matter. He felt that these building blocks moldiness be geometric points with no size at all. Today, to the highest degree atomic physicists accept a modern material body of this idea.

Antoine Lavoisier, a French chemist, revolutionized alchemy in the late 1700s. He tell many of the experiments of earlier chemists but interpreted the results far differently. Lavoisier gainful circumstance attention to the pack of the ingredients involved in chemic reactions and of the products that resulted. He found that the lading of the products of combustion equals that of the original ingredients. His baring became known as the law of the conservation of matter.

Lavoisier noted that the weight of the air in which combustion occurred decreases. He found that the weight loss results from the burning material combining with and removing a fondness in the air. That subject was the same as dephlogisticated air, but Lavoisier renamed it oxygen.

Lavoisier and capital of South Dakota Simon Laplace, a French astronomer and mathematician, also carried out experiments demonstrating that cellular respiration in animals is chemicly like to combustion. Their studies of the chemical processes of living organisms were among the freshman experiments in biochemistry. Lavoisier also helped work out the present-day strategy of chemical names. He published his ideas on combustion, respiration, and the naming of compounds in Elementary Treatise on Chemistry (1789), the first modern textbook of chemistry.

The development of the atomic theory advanced greatly when chemistry became an exact science during the late 1700s. Chemists notice that they could combine elements to form compounds only in certain resolved proportions according to mass.

In 1803, a British chemist named John Dalton developed an atomic theory to explain this discovery. Dalton proposed that each element consists of a particular smorgasbord of atom and that the varying properties of the elements result from differences in their atoms. He believed that all the atoms of a particular element had the same mass and chemical properties. According to Daltons theory, when atoms combine and form a particular compound, they eer combine in a specific numerical ratio. As a result, the composition by mass of a particular compound is unceasingly the same. The theory could explain and predict the results of various experiments.

According to Daltons theory, a fixed flesh of atoms of one substance always combined with a fixed number of atoms of another substance in forming a compound.



Dalton realized that substances must combine in the same proportions by weight as the weight proportions of their atoms. Chemists had already observed that pure substances do combine in fixed proportions. They called that finding the law of definite proportions. Daltons theory explained the law and was bit by bit accepted.

By 1814, Jons J. Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, had obtained accurate atomic weights for a number of elements. He also began the system of using letters of the alphabet as symbols for elements.

Formation of the midweekly table

In 1869, a Russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev and a German chemist named Julius Lothar Meyer independently announced their discovery of the periodic law. The law is based on their observation that when elements are lay in a table according to their atomic weights, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals, or periods, in the table. The both chemists rearranged the table in columns so that elements with similar properties were grouped to stomachher. such(prenominal) an arrangement became known as the periodic table. Both men left gaps in the table, and Mendeleev correctly predicted that elements with certain properties would be discovered to fill the gaps. The modern periodic table serves as a guide to the chemistry of all known elements.

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